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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy
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High-pulse-energy integrated mode-locked laser using a Mamyshev oscillator.

Zheru Qiu1,2, Xuan Yang1,2, Xurong Li1,2

  • 1Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Nature
|June 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a compact, integrated ultrafast laser using silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits. This novel laser achieves high pulse energy, enabling applications like supercontinuum generation and terahertz spectroscopy for chemical analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Ultrafast Lasers
  • Integrated Optics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ultrafast lasers are crucial for scientific and technological advancements, including surgery and chemical dynamics.
  • Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) offer compact, scalable laser solutions, but existing designs lack sufficient pulse energy for nonlinear processes.
  • Previous PIC-based mode-locked lasers have been limited by low pulse energy, hindering applications like supercontinuum generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a high-pulse-energy mode-locked laser on a photonic integrated circuit.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing PIC-based lasers for nonlinear optical applications.
  • To showcase the potential of integrated ultrafast lasers for spectroscopy and metrology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized erbium-ion-implanted silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits.
  • Employed the Mamyshev oscillator architecture for mode-locking.
  • Integrated spectral filtering and self-phase modulation for enhanced nonlinear performance.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 176-MHz pulse train with nanojoule pulse energy, two orders of magnitude higher than previous PICs.
  • Demonstrated a 1.5-octave-spanning supercontinuum generation directly in a Si3N4 waveguide.
  • Developed a compact terahertz time-domain spectrometer with 5 THz bandwidth and 90 dB dynamic range.

Conclusions:

  • The developed integrated ultrafast laser provides high pulse energy, overcoming previous limitations of PIC-based sources.
  • This technology enables chip-scale frequency metrology and portable spectroscopy systems.
  • The high-performance integrated laser opens new avenues for advanced optical applications.