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Related Concept Videos

Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
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Weak Base Solutions03:21

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Base Excision Repair01:54

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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DNA Base Pairing02:27

DNA Base Pairing

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Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,
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Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:58

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

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The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
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Polyrotaxane-based supramolecular theranostics.

Guocan Yu1, Zhen Yang1,2, Xiao Fu3,4

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.

Nature Communications
|February 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel supramolecular nanomedicines overcome drug leakage issues. Shell-crosslinked nanoparticles (SCNPs) combine chemotherapy and photothermal therapy for potent anti-tumour activity with minimal toxicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Polymer-based nanomedicines face challenges like premature drug release and poor degradation kinetics, hindering clinical translation.
  • Developing theranostic systems with improved biocompatibility, stability, and efficacy is crucial for cancer treatment.
  • Existing systems often struggle with controlled drug delivery and achieving potent anti-tumour effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop advanced theranostic shell-crosslinked nanoparticles (SCNPs) using a supramolecular approach.
  • To enhance drug loading efficiency, circulation stability, and achieve precisely controllable release.
  • To create a system with multimodal diagnostic capabilities and potent anti-tumour activity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized β-cyclodextrin-based polyrotaxane (PDI-PCL-b-PEG-RGD⊃β-CD-NH2) with specific stoppers (cRGDfK and perylene diimide).
  • Fabricated shell-crosslinked nanoparticles (SCNPs) for controlled drug delivery.
  • Evaluated in vivo anti-tumour efficacy through chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) combination.

Main Results:

  • The developed SCNPs demonstrated enhanced integrin targeting ability, photothermal effect, and photoacoustic capability.
  • In vivo studies showed complete elimination of subcutaneous tumours without recurrence after a single dose.
  • The nanomedicines exhibited significant anti-tumour performance against orthotopic breast cancer and prevented lung metastasis.
  • Negligible systemic toxicity was observed, indicating favourable biocompatibility.

Conclusions:

  • Supramolecular SCNPs offer a promising strategy to overcome limitations of traditional polymer-based nanomedicines.
  • The combination of chemotherapy and PTT within these SCNPs provides potent and targeted cancer therapy.
  • These theranostic nanomedicines show potential for clinical translation due to enhanced efficacy and safety profile.