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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Integration by Parts: Indefinite Integrals01:26

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Integration by parts is a fundamental technique in calculus for evaluating integrals involving the product of two functions. It is particularly useful when direct integration is not feasible. The method is based on the product rule for differentiation, which states that the derivative of a product equals the derivative of the first function times the second, plus the first function times the derivative of the second. By integrating this identity and rearranging terms, the integration by parts...
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Definite integrals involving the product of two functions over a fixed interval can be evaluated using integration by parts. This method rewrites the integral as the difference of a product evaluated at the endpoints and a remaining definite integral that is often simpler to compute.A representative example is the definite integral of the inverse tangent function. Since there is no direct integration formula for arctan ⁡x, the integrand is rewritten as a product of arctan⁡ x and the...
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Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

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Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
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Using Microfluidic Devices to Measure Lifespan and Cellular Phenotypes in Single Budding Yeast Cells
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An integrated microfluidic device for the sorting of yeast cells using image processing.

Bo Yang Yu1, Caglar Elbuken2, Chong Shen3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Scientific Reports
|February 25, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an automated microfluidic device for sorting yeast cells by morphology, improving upon tedious manual methods. The system offers a low-cost, efficient solution for cell cycle research and disease understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Cell Biology
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Yeast cell detection and separation are crucial for studying cell division cycles and diseases like cancer.
  • Manual cell detection methods are time-consuming and lack consistency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated, low-cost microfluidic device for sorting yeast cells based on morphology.
  • To integrate microvalves and image processing for precise cell separation and fluorescent confirmation.

Main Methods:

  • Design and implementation of an integrated microfluidic system with microvalves.
  • Utilization of image processing algorithms for cell detection and morphological analysis.
  • Incorporation of fluorescent tags for confirmation of sorted yeast cells.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of a completely automated and low-cost cell sorting system.
  • Successful experimental validation of the microfluidic device's design and functionality.
  • Achieved real-time cell sorting with a detection rate of 12 cells per minute.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microfluidic device provides an efficient and automated solution for yeast cell sorting.
  • This technology is easily implementable in academic research settings for cell biology studies.
  • The system enhances the understanding of cell division cycles and related diseases.