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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Characterizing nonclassical light is crucial for quantum technologies.
  • Existing methods often struggle in high-loss regimes or require complex photon resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust method for certifying nonclassical light under realistic, high-loss conditions.
  • To demonstrate the effectiveness of direct phase-space function sampling using readily available detectors.

Main Methods:

  • Implementing direct sampling of negative phase-space functions.
  • Utilizing unbalanced homodyne measurement with click-counting detectors.
  • Applying the method to heralded single-photon states.

Main Results:

  • Successfully certified nonclassicality in high-loss conditions with minimal detectors.
  • Demonstrated significant certification of nonclassicality using only two detection bins.
  • Showcased the limitations of the Wigner function in the present experimental setup without reconstruction.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method offers a reliable and robust approach to characterize nonclassical light.
  • This technique is suitable for realistic experimental conditions, including high photon loss.
  • Direct phase-space sampling provides a powerful alternative for quantum state characterization.