Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula
06:12

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula

Published on: July 11, 2013

17.5K

Technical aspects and limitations of fractional flow reserve measurement

Stepan Jerabek1, Tomas Kovarnik1

  • 1a 2nd Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine , Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague , Praha , Czech Republic.

Acta Cardiologica
|February 28, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) accurately detect ischemia-causing coronary lesions. This guide details best practices and technical challenges for accurate FFR and iFR measurements in clinical practice.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Coronary revascularization aims to eliminate myocardial ischemia.
  • Invasive hemodynamic assessments like fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) surpass coronary angiography in identifying ischemia-inducing lesions.
  • European guidelines recommend FFR for functional assessment of lesion severity (Category IA), with increasing procedural use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive summary of best clinical practices for FFR and iFR measurements.
  • To elucidate potential technical challenges encountered during FFR and iFR assessments.
  • To enhance the accuracy of FFR and iFR measurements through improved understanding of technical requirements and limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and guidelines on FFR and iFR.
  • Analysis of common technical pitfalls and malpractice in invasive hemodynamic assessments.
  • Synthesis of practical recommendations for accurate FFR and iFR procedures.

Main Results:

  • FFR and iFR are crucial for accurate diagnosis of functionally significant coronary artery disease.
  • Technical factors significantly impact the reliability and accuracy of FFR and iFR measurements.
  • Adherence to standardized protocols and awareness of limitations are essential for optimal outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Frequent technical errors and suboptimal practices occur during invasive lesion severity assessments.
  • Implementing standardized best practices for FFR and iFR is vital for improving diagnostic accuracy.
  • Further education and training on technical aspects are necessary for interventional cardiologists.
Abstract

Keywords:
Fractional flow reservecoronary artery diseaseinstantaneous wave-free ratio

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats06:32

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Published on: June 28, 2019

8.5K
A Murine Model of Arterial Restenosis: Technical Aspects of Femoral Wire Injury06:42

A Murine Model of Arterial Restenosis: Technical Aspects of Femoral Wire Injury

Published on: March 10, 2015

21.3K

Related Concept Videos

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
353
Limiting Reactant02:27

Limiting Reactant

The relative amounts of reactants and products represented in a balanced chemical equation are often referred to as stoichiometric amounts. However, in reality, the reactants are not always present in the stoichiometric amounts indicated by the balanced equation.
70.6K
The Number e as a Limit01:29

The Number e as a Limit

The number e is a fundamental constant in calculus, playing a central role in describing continuous change, particularly exponential growth. It is most naturally defined through its relationship with the natural logarithm, which is the inverse of the exponential function with base e. This relationship allows e to be characterized using basic principles of differentiation rather than as an arbitrary numerical constant.A key property of the natural logarithm function, ln x, is that its derivative...
102
Types of Limits I01:23

Types of Limits I

Limits are a key mathematical concept for understanding how functions behave as their input approaches specific values, particularly when the function is undefined. They help reveal trends and discontinuities by examining the values a function approaches rather than its actual value.One-sided limits focus on the direction from which a value is approached. When a function behaves differently depending on whether the input approaches from the left or the right, the two one-sided limits may not...
209
Limit Laws I01:25

Limit Laws I

Limit laws provide essential tools for analyzing how functions behave as their input approaches a specific value. These laws are particularly useful when dealing with combinations of functions, provided the individual limits exist. The Sum and Difference Laws state that the limit of the sum or difference of two functions equals the sum or difference of their respective limits:The Product Law asserts that the limit of the product of two functions equals the product of their individual limits:A...
233
Limits at Infinity01:24

Limits at Infinity

The function that decreases as the input becomes very large provides a clear example of how mathematical functions can behave at extreme values. When the input increases continuously, the output becomes smaller and smaller, getting closer to a particular fixed value. Although the output never actually reaches this value, it moves nearer to it without limit. This behavior is a fundamental concept in understanding how functions behave as the input grows indefinitely. The graphical representation...
338