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Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: September 23, 2017

Brain-state determines learning improvements after transcranial alternating-current stimulation to frontal cortex.

John Nguyen¹, Yuqi Deng², Robert M G Reinhart¹

¹Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Center for Research in Sensory Communications and Neural Technology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Brain Stimulation

|February 28, 2018

Summary

Targeted brain stimulation using high definition transcranial alternating current stimulation (HD-tACS) improved learning in an eyes-open state. This suggests a phase-sensitive mechanism in frontal cortex for state-dependent learning.

Keywords:

Lateral prefrontal cortex Learning Medial frontal cortex Transcranial alternating-current stimulation

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Simultaneous Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Published on: June 5, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Brain Stimulation

Background:

Executive control theories emphasize medial frontal cortex (MFC) and lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) communication for learning.
6-Hz phase synchronization is a proposed mechanism for coordinating MFC and lPFC neural activity.
Switching from eyes closed to open may alter brain-state, enhancing executive control and functional connectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if causal manipulation of MFC and lPFC can enhance learning.
To determine if this enhancement is dependent on the brain-state induced by eye-opening.

Main Methods:

A within-subjects, sham-controlled, double-blind study involving 30 healthy participants.
6-Hz in-phase high definition transcranial alternating-current stimulation (HD-tACS) applied to MFC and right lPFC.
Participants performed a time estimation task after stimulation.

Main Results:

HD-tACS significantly improved learning ability when participants had their eyes open compared to sham stimulation.
HD-tACS showed no significant effect on behavior when participants had their eyes closed.

Conclusions:

Results indicate a phase-sensitive mechanism within the frontal cortex.
This mechanism appears to mediate learning performance in a state-dependent manner, influenced by eye condition.