Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Nociceptor circadian clock genes control excitability and pain perception in mice in a sex- and time-dependent manner.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

A chemogenetic ligand-receptor pair for voltage-gated sodium channel subtype-selective inhibition.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Organobismuth Compounds as Aryl Radical Precursors via Light-Driven Single-Electron Transfer.

ACS catalysis·2025

Same author

Structural basis for saxitoxin congener binding and neutralization by anuran saxiphilins.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

Ligand Oxidation Activates a Ruthenium(II) Precatalyst for C-H Hydroxylation.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2024

Same author

ST-2560, a selective inhibitor of the Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 sodium channel, affects nocifensive and cardiovascular reflexes in non-human primates.

British journal of pharmacology·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores

Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores

Published on: August 19, 2013

Intermolecular C(sp³ )-H Amination of Complex Molecules.

Nicholas D Chiappini¹, James B C Mack¹, J Du Bois¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5080, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|February 28, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a convenient method for C(sp3)-H bond amination, enabling complex molecule functionalization. This new technique utilizes specific solvents, additives, and nitrogen sources for efficient pharmaceutical target synthesis.

Keywords:

C−H oxidation amination reaction mechanisms rhodium sulfamates

More Related Videos

Analysis of Complex Molecules and Their Reactions on Surfaces by Means of Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Analysis of Complex Molecules and Their Reactions on Surfaces by Means of Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 1, 2020

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Published on: June 23, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores

Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores

Published on: August 19, 2013

Analysis of Complex Molecules and Their Reactions on Surfaces by Means of Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Analysis of Complex Molecules and Their Reactions on Surfaces by Means of Cluster-Induced Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 1, 2020

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Published on: June 23, 2019

Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Catalysis
Synthetic Methodology

Background:

Direct functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds remains a significant challenge in organic synthesis.
Developing general and operationally convenient methods is crucial for efficient molecular construction.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a general and operationally convenient method for intermolecular amination of C(sp3)-H bonds.
To enable the efficient functionalization of complex molecules and pharmaceutical targets.

Main Methods:

Utilized a novel reaction system involving pivalonitrile as a solvent, aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as an additive, and phenyl sulfamate as a nitrogen source.
Investigated the reaction performance and substrate scope under these specific conditions.
Conducted mechanistic studies to elucidate the reaction pathway.

Main Results:

Achieved efficient intermolecular amination of C(sp3)-H bonds.
Demonstrated the method's applicability to complex molecules, including pharmaceutical targets.
Identified catalyst decomposition initiated by solvent oxidation, explaining the role of pivalonitrile.

Conclusions:

The developed method offers a practical approach for C(sp3)-H bond amination.
The findings provide insights into catalyst behavior and reaction optimization.
This methodology holds promise for streamlining the synthesis of valuable organic compounds.