Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 13, 2026

08:01
Designing CAD/CAM Surgical Guides for Maxillary Reconstruction Using an In-house Approach
Published on: August 24, 2018
9.5K
Innovate Global Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Cleft Lip and Palate Charity Database
Pinkal S Patel1, Karen Y Chung2, Leila Kasrai2
1Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton.
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|February 28, 2018
Summary
This study created the largest database of cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) organizations to improve global surgical care coordination and planning. The database will facilitate collaboration and research in cleft care worldwide.
Area of Science:
- Global Health
- Surgical Care
- Non-governmental Organizations
Background:
- Growing interest in global surgery highlights the critical role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) surgical care.
- A centralized registry is proposed to enhance coordination of global surgical volunteerism and address unmet surgical disease burdens.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a comprehensive database cataloging organizations involved in cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) care.
- To support improved planning, collaboration, and research in global CLP surgical initiatives.
Main Methods:
- Systematic search of The Plastic Surgery Foundation, Smile Train, Wikipedia, Google, and NGO lists.
- Secondary website review for inclusion criteria verification and data extraction.
- Classification of organizations into surgical or non-surgical care providers.
Main Results:
- 30 out of 31 reviewed organizations met inclusion criteria for the CLP database.
- Surgical NGOs utilized various outreach approaches (diagonal, vertical, horizontal); non-surgical NGOs primarily used horizontal approaches.
- Organizations' offices are distributed globally, with 43% operating in multiple countries, often with multidisciplinary teams and host institution collaborations.
Conclusions:
- This database represents the most extensive collection of CLP organizations to date.
- The publicly available list aims to inform surgical care planning and foster collaboration.
- The database is intended to promote further research in the field of cleft lip and palate care.
Related Concept Videos
Global Climate Change
29.1K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
29.1K
Plasticity
3.1K
Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
3.1K
Plasticizers
378
Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
378
Plastic Behavior
585
A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
585
Plastic Deformations
477
It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
477
Plastic Deformations
477
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
477

