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Polymers02:34

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
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Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
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Mannose-Decorated Multicomponent Supramolecular Polymers Trigger Effective Uptake into Antigen-Presenting Cells.

David Straßburger1, Natascha Stergiou2, Moritz Urschbach1

  • 1Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology
|February 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed mannose-decorated peptide amphiphiles that efficiently target macrophages. These self-assembling nanoparticles show enhanced cellular uptake and are biocompatible, offering a promising platform for synthetic vaccines in cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords:
amphiphilespeptidespolymersself-assemblysupramolecular chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like macrophages are crucial for immune responses.
  • Targeting APCs is a key strategy for developing effective vaccines and immunotherapies.
  • Dendritic peptide amphiphiles offer a versatile platform for creating functional nanomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a modular self-assembly route for dendritic peptide amphiphiles.
  • To functionalize these amphiphiles with mannosides for targeted delivery to macrophages.
  • To evaluate the cellular uptake, distribution, and biocompatibility of these mannose-decorated nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of monomeric building blocks for dendritic peptide amphiphiles.
  • Decoration of amphiphiles with mannosides or tetra(ethylene glycol)s (TEGs).
  • Labeling with a Cy3 fluorescent probe for imaging.
  • Uptake studies in murine macrophages (Mφs) using confocal microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).

Main Results:

  • Mannose-decorated supramolecular polymers demonstrated significantly higher cellular uptake and distribution in macrophages compared to TEG-decorated polymers.
  • The developed nanoparticles exhibited no observable cytotoxicity in treated macrophages.
  • No negative impact on macrophage cytokine production was detected, indicating good biocompatibility.

Conclusions:

  • The modular coassembly protocol provides a robust platform for creating multifunctional supramolecular polymers.
  • Mannose functionalization effectively enhances targeting and uptake by macrophages.
  • These findings support the potential of these synthetic nanoparticles as components for advanced vaccines, particularly in cancer immunotherapy.