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Related Concept Videos

Attachment Styles01:24

Attachment Styles

469
Jeffrey Simpson's attachment theory suggests that early caregiver relationships shape lasting patterns of behavior and emotional regulation, known as attachment styles. These patterns are organized along two key dimensions: self-esteem and interpersonal trust. The intersection of these dimensions produces four primary attachment styles that typically persist throughout life and significantly influence how individuals form and maintain relationships.Secure Attachment StyleIndividuals with a...
469
Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Styles01:28

Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Styles

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Attachment theory, developed initially to explain infant–caregiver bonds, has been extended to illuminate patterns of intimacy in adult romantic relationships. Psychologists Cindy Hazan and Phillip Shaver proposed that the attachment styles observed in infancy form a framework for how individuals approach emotional closeness and conflict in adulthood. These attachment styles—secure, avoidant, and anxious—are linked to enduring patterns of behavior and emotional regulation in...
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Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships. 
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Parenting Styles01:27

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Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative...
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Attachment01:20

Attachment

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Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...
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Sex-linked Disorders01:43

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Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Sex Differences in Mouse Hippocampal Astrocytes after In-Vitro Ischemia
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Sex differences in attachment styles.

Marco Del Giudice1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Logan Hall, 2001 Redondo Dr. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.

Current Opinion in Psychology
|February 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Sex differences in attachment styles are evident from childhood to adulthood but are understudied. This review explores developmental, cross-cultural, and hormonal factors influencing these attachment patterns.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Evolutionary Psychology

Background:

  • Sex differences in adult attachment styles are documented and emerge in childhood.
  • These differences are often overlooked in mainstream attachment research.
  • Attachment styles are crucial for understanding social and emotional development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing evidence on sex differences in attachment styles.
  • To explore developmental patterns and cross-cultural variations.
  • To examine evolutionary models and hormonal influences on sex differences in attachment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on sex differences in attachment.
  • Synthesis of research on developmental trajectories.

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  • Analysis of evolutionary and hormonal theories.

    • Main Results:

    • Sex differences in attachment are present across the lifespan.
    • Developmental and cross-cultural factors play a role in these differences.
    • Hormonal influences and evolutionary models offer potential explanations.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant sex differences in attachment exist and warrant further investigation.
    • More research is needed to integrate developmental, cultural, and biological factors.
    • Understanding these differences is key to a comprehensive theory of attachment.