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The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
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    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Acoustics
    • Interferometry

    Background:

    • High Q-factor resonators maximize sensitivity in optical ultrasound detection.
    • Increasing resonator Q-factor can reduce the linear range, limiting measurement of strong acoustic signals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a passive-demodulation scheme for pulse interferometry.
    • To achieve high dynamic-range measurements in optical ultrasound detection.

    Main Methods:

    • Implemented an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
    • Utilized a 90° optical hybrid in a dual-polarization all-fiber setup.
    • Developed a passive demodulation scheme for pulse interferometry.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a passive scheme for detecting ultrasound bursts.
    • Achieved high dynamic-range measurements, exceeding the limits of conventional active techniques.
    • Successfully measured ultrasound signals at pressure levels where active interferometry became nonlinear.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed passive demodulation scheme overcomes the dynamic range limitations of conventional active interferometric techniques.
    • This method enables robust optical detection of strong ultrasound signals.
    • The dual-polarization all-fiber setup offers a sensitive and wide dynamic range solution for ultrasound detection.