Association between homocysteine levels and calcific aortic valve disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Research
• Biochemistry
• Medical Diagnostics

Background:

• Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a growing concern with complex etiology.
• Previous research on the association between homocysteine (Hcy) levels and CAVD has yielded inconsistent findings.
• Understanding potential biomarkers like Hcy is crucial for disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and meta-analyze existing studies on plasma homocysteine levels in patients with CAVD compared to controls.
• To clarify the association between Hcy and the presence and severity of CAVD.
• To provide a robust statistical summary of the current evidence.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed across major biomedical databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, etc.) up to March 2017.
• Ten eligible studies involving 6349 participants were included in the meta-analysis.
• Random-effects model was used to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for Hcy levels.

Main Results:

• Pooled analysis revealed significantly elevated plasma Hcy levels in patients with CAVD compared to control groups (SMD: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36-0.79).
• This elevation was observed across different CAVD severity levels (mild-to-moderate and severe).
• Geographical variations in Hcy elevation were noted, being more pronounced in American and Asian populations than in Turkish populations.

Conclusions:

• The findings demonstrate a significant association between elevated homocysteine levels and calcific aortic valve disease.
• Elevated Hcy may serve as a potential biomarker or contributing factor in the pathogenesis of CAVD.
• Further research may explore the clinical implications of Hcy levels in CAVD patients.