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Related Concept Videos

Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

91.5K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

8.3K
Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
8.3K
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

7.8K
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
7.8K
Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

14.4K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
14.4K
Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

7.4K
A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
7.4K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

5.8K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
5.8K

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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Ion Channels in Cancer: Characterization and Potential Treatment Approaches
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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Ion Channels in Cancer: Characterization and Potential Treatment Approaches

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Sensing Magnetic Fields with Magnetosensitive Ion Channels.

Igor Goychuk1

  • 1Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany. igoychuk@uni-potsdam.de.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic nanoparticles in animals may function as sensory elements. This study models their feasibility within cellular environments, considering energy and dissipation factors.

Keywords:
influence of weak magnetic fields on living systemsion channelsmagnetic nanoparticlesnon-exponential statisticsviscoelastic effects and anomalous diffusion

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Expression and Purification of Mammalian Bestrophin Ion Channels
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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Magnetoreception
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are found in diverse species, from bacteria to humans.
  • These MNPs can be biogenetic or environmental, existing in paramagnetic or ferromagnetic states.
  • Naturally occurring MNPs possess energy levels potentially significant in Earth's magnetic field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that MNPs act as sensory elements in magnetosensitive ion channels.
  • To assess the realism of this hypothesis within the context of cellular viscoelasticity and MNP size.

Main Methods:

  • Stochastic modeling framework.
  • Analysis of energy dynamics of single-domain MNPs.
  • Consideration of cellular dissipative viscoelastic properties.

Main Results:

  • MNP energy can reach significant levels (10-20 kBT) in Earth's magnetic field.
  • Cellular viscoelasticity presents challenges for MNP-based sensory mechanisms.
  • The study explores the quantitative feasibility of MNPs as biological sensors.

Conclusions:

  • The hypothesis of MNPs functioning as sensory elements in ion channels is explored.
  • Cellular dissipation and MNP size are critical factors influencing this biological mechanism.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of MNPs in animal magnetoreception.