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Efferent-induced alterations in distortion and reflection otoacoustic emissions in children

Srikanta K Mishra1, Milan Biswal1, Anup Amatya2

  • 1Department of Communication Disorders, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|March 3, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Measuring medial efferent inhibition using otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) requires assessing both distortion and reflection types. These OAE types provide distinct, non-redundant information about efferent effects on hearing.

Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Otoacoustic Emissions
  • Efferenct Auditory System

Background:

  • Medial olivocochlear efferent fibers modulate outer hair cell function and cochlear gain.
  • Assessing medial efferent function is crucial for both theoretical understanding and clinical applications in hearing.
  • Otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) are used to measure medial efferent inhibition in humans, but OAEs are generated by distinct mechanisms: nonlinear distortion and coherent reflection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether efferent-induced shifts in distortion and reflection OAEs provide correlated or independent information.
  • To determine the necessity of using both distortion and reflection OAEs for a comprehensive assessment of efferent inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Measured efferent-induced shifts in both distortion (click-evoked) and reflection (stimulus frequency) OAEs within the same group of children (5-10 years old).
  • Analyzed the correlation between shifts in distortion emissions and reflection emissions to assess information redundancy.

Main Results:

  • Efferent-induced shifts in distortion and reflection OAEs did not show a significant correlation, supporting their distinct generation mechanisms.
  • Shifts in the two types of reflection emissions (click-evoked and stimulus frequency OAEs) did show correlation.
  • The findings indicate that distortion and reflection OAEs provide non-redundant information regarding efferent inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Using only one type of OAE (distortion or reflection) provides an incomplete picture of medial efferent inhibition.
  • A comprehensive evaluation of efferent auditory system function necessitates the simultaneous measurement of both distortion and reflection OAEs.
  • This approach offers a more complete understanding of efferent modulation of cochlear activity.

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