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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Mnemonic devices are cognitive tools that facilitate memory retention by linking new information to familiar patterns or organizational strategies. These techniques are beneficial for remembering complex or lengthy sets of information by simplifying and structuring them in easily retrievable ways.
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A 3D-printed device for polymer nanoimprint lithography.

Manuel Caño-García1, Morten A Geday1, Manuel Gil-Valverde1

  • 1CEMDATIC, E.T.S.I Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avd. Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
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Summary

This study introduces a low-cost nanoimprint lithography (NIL) system, ideal for small labs. The 3D-printable device enables high-quality pattern replication with reduced manufacturing complexity and investment.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a versatile fabrication technique with growing popularity.
  • Commercial NIL systems offer high-quality results but require significant investment, limiting accessibility for smaller laboratories.
  • There is a need for cost-effective NIL solutions for research and development in academic settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel, low-cost, and easily manufacturable nanoimprint lithography system.
  • To demonstrate the system's capability for high-quality pattern replication.
  • To reduce the financial and manufacturing barriers for adopting NIL technology.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a simple NIL system using two in-house fabricable devices (3D printed or aluminum).
  • Integration of pressure control and potential temperature control features.
  • Replication of a sawtooth grating master (pitch ~0.5 µm) using PDMS as an intermediary mold material.
  • Testing imprints with Ormostamp® hybrid polymer.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of high-quality patterns on 2.25 cm² surfaces.
  • Achieved low density of imperfections in the replicated patterns.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of using 3D-printed components for NIL.

Conclusions:

  • The presented rudimentary NIL system offers a viable and affordable alternative to commercial machines.
  • The system significantly reduces manufacturing complexity and investment costs.
  • This approach democratizes access to NIL technology for smaller research groups and educational institutions.