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Advanced Non-invasive Imaging Techniques in Chronic Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies : Focus on Cardiac Magnetic

Gianluca Di Bella1, Fausto Pizzino2, Rocco Donato3

  • 1Graduate School of Medicine and Surgery, Post-graduate Residency School in Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Cardiology Unit, University Hospital Medical School "Gaetano Martino", Messina, Italy. gianluca.dibella@unime.it.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 3, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Cardiomyopathies are myocardial diseases often genetic. Cardiac MRI and CT scans are crucial for diagnosing these conditions by analyzing heart structure, function, and tissue characteristics, aiding in differentiating them from other heart diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cardiomyopathies (Cs) encompass diverse myocardial diseases with structural/functional abnormalities, frequently stemming from genetic factors.
  • Accurate diagnosis relies on detailed analysis of morphofunctional abnormalities and tissue characteristics like fibrosis and infiltration.
  • While echocardiography and nuclear medicine are used, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) offers advanced non-invasive quantification of cardiac function and tissue substrates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the diagnostic, pathophysiologic, and prognostic value of CMR and CT in heart failure (HF) caused by common cardiomyopathies.
  • To highlight CMR's role in identifying cardiomyopathies and differentiating them from ischemic heart disease.
  • To explore the complementary role of CT in managing Cs and HF.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic imaging modalities, focusing on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and computed tomography (CT).
  • Analysis of CMR's ability to quantify systolic function and myocardial tissue abnormalities (fibrosis, infiltration).
  • Integration of imaging data within clinical and instrumental contexts for comprehensive patient assessment.

Main Results:

  • CMR excels in non-invasively quantifying cardiac function and identifying myocardial substrates of cardiomyopathies.
  • CMR effectively distinguishes cardiomyopathies from ischemic heart disease and classifies major cardiomyopathy types based on imaging patterns.
  • CT scans provide complementary value in patients with cardiomyopathies and heart failure.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac magnetic resonance is a key non-invasive tool for diagnosing and characterizing cardiomyopathies.
  • Integrating CMR and CT findings with clinical context enhances diagnostic accuracy for cardiomyopathies and heart failure.
  • Advanced imaging techniques are vital for understanding the pathophysiology and prognosis of diverse myocardial diseases.

Keywords:
Cardiac magnetic resonanceCardiomyopathyDilated cardiomyopathyHypertrophic cardiomyopathyMyocarditis

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