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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

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Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
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Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

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The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
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Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

3.5K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy
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Shear Thickening Electrolyte Built from Sterically Stabilized Colloidal Particles.

Brian H Shen1, Beth L Armstrong, Mathieu Doucet

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed stable shear thickening electrolytes using silica nanoparticles coated with PMMA brushes. This innovation enhances lithium ion battery safety by preventing particle aggregation and maintaining electrolyte conductivity.

Keywords:
USANSelectrolytelithium ion batteryshear thickeningsteric stabilization

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Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Colloid Science

Background:

  • Shear thickening electrolytes (STEs) offer enhanced safety for lithium ion batteries, particularly in electric vehicles, by stiffening under impact.
  • Conventional STEs using silica nanoparticles suffer from particle aggregation and sedimentation, compromising long-term stability and performance.
  • Surface modification is crucial to overcome these limitations and achieve robust STE formulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for stabilizing silica nanoparticles in liquid electrolytes to prevent aggregation and sedimentation.
  • To enhance the shear thickening properties and long-term stability of electrolytes for improved battery safety.
  • To investigate the effect of surface-tethered PMMA brushes on silica colloid stability and electrolyte conductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized surface-tethered PMMA brushes on silica nanoparticles via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization.
  • Prepared shear thickening electrolytes with PMMA-coated and bare silica nanoparticles in conventional liquid electrolytes.
  • Characterized particle aggregation using ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (USANS) under shear and at rest.
  • Evaluated electrolyte conductivity and stability over 24 hours using interdigitated electrodes.

Main Results:

  • PMMA coating significantly improved the shear thickening response, increasing the magnitude from 0.311 to 2.25 Pa s.
  • USANS data showed reduced aggregation of PMMA-coated silica nanoparticles compared to bare silica nanoparticles, both at rest and under shear.
  • Electrolytes with PMMA-coated silica exhibited stable conductivity (6.1 mS cm⁻¹) over 24 hours, unlike those with bare silica which showed increased conductivity (10.1 to 11.6 mS cm⁻¹) due to flocculation.

Conclusions:

  • Surface-initiated PMMA brush grafting effectively stabilizes silica nanoparticles in liquid electrolytes, mitigating aggregation and sedimentation.
  • The stabilized silica nanoparticles enhance the shear thickening effect and ensure long-term electrolyte stability, crucial for advanced battery safety.
  • This approach presents a promising strategy for developing high-performance, safe electrolytes for demanding applications like electric vehicles.