Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

20.7K

Sleep endoscopy findings in children with persistent obstructive sleep apnea after adenotonsillectomy

Steven W Coutras1, Alexander Limjuco1, Kristin E Davis1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|March 5, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often involves multiple airway obstruction sites. Overweight children with persistent OSA show increased obstruction, particularly at the lingual tonsil and adenoid.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Persistent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children after adenotonsillectomy requires further investigation into obstruction patterns.
  • Understanding the anatomical sites of obstruction is crucial for effective management of pediatric OSA.
  • Patient weight and body mass index (BMI) may influence the location and severity of airway obstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the patterns of airway obstruction in children with persistent OSA.
  • To examine the relationship between patient weight (BMI) and the identified sites of obstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of pediatric DISE (Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy) procedures performed between 2010 and 2015.
  • Analysis of polysomnography data, including Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), and detailed DISE findings.
  • Variables assessed included age, gender, comorbidities, and obstruction at specific upper airway levels (turbinates, adenoid, tongue base, epiglottis, etc.).

Main Results:

  • Epiglottic obstruction was present in 97% of patients, frequently associated with tongue base retropositioning (73.6%) and lingual tonsil enlargement (70.5%).
  • Other common obstruction sites included inferior turbinates (76.5%), adenoid (64.7%), and palate (58.8%).
  • Overweight/obese children exhibited more sites of complete and partial obstruction compared to normal/underweight children, with a higher likelihood of lingual tonsil or adenoid obstruction.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent pediatric OSA commonly involves multiple airway obstruction sites.
  • Higher BMI in children with OSA is associated with distinct obstruction patterns, emphasizing the lingual tonsil and adenoid.
  • Targeted evaluation of adenoid regrowth and lingual tonsil hypertrophy is recommended for overweight/obese children with persistent OSA.
Abstract

Keywords:
Obstructive sleep apneaPediatric sleepSleep endoscopy

More Related Videos

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults07:40

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults

Published on: January 26, 2019

8.3K
Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila12:16

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila

Published on: December 4, 2012

16.0K

Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
593
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
962
Stages of Sleep01:22

Stages of Sleep

Sleep progresses through distinct stages, each characterized by specific brain wave patterns and physiological responses ranging from wakefulness to stages of non-rapid eye movement, known as non-REM, to rapid eye movement, referred to as REM. Understanding these stages helps in recognizing how sleep supports various bodily and cognitive functions.
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
1.5K
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
1.6K
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking01:17

Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking

Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...
1.0K
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
462