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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
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Intrinsically Disordered Proteins02:18

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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Fluid Movement Between Compartments01:18

Fluid Movement Between Compartments

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The force applied by fluids against a surface, known as hydrostatic pressure, initiates the transfer of fluid among different compartments. Within our blood vessels, the blood's hydrostatic pressure is a result of the heart's pumping action. At the arteriolar end of capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (capillary blood pressure) exceeds the opposing colloid osmotic pressure created primarily by plasma proteins like albumin. This discrepancy in pressure propels plasma and nutrients from the...
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Movement Joints in Buildings01:27

Movement Joints in Buildings

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Movement joints in buildings are essential design elements that accommodate inevitable motions caused by various factors such as temperature changes, moisture content variations, and structural deflections. These motions, if not considered in design and construction, can lead to unsightly or dangerous damage. Movement joints are incorporated in different forms to manage these stresses and allow materials to move without causing distress.
The simplest type of movement joints, working joints, are...
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Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation
11:12

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation

Published on: July 16, 2014

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Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders.

Syam Krishnan1, Krishnakumar Kesava Pisharady1, K P Divya1

  • 1Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Neurology India
|March 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a standard Parkinson's disease treatment, offering relief through unclear mechanisms likely involving neuronal synchrony disruption. Advances in DBS technology and techniques are expanding patient access to this safe, established therapy.

Keywords:
Deep Brain StimulationParkinson's diseasedystoniamovement disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been a cornerstone therapy for Parkinson's disease motor complications for nearly 40 years.
  • Established and emerging applications exist for DBS in various movement disorders beyond Parkinson's.
  • The precise neurobiological underpinnings of DBS efficacy remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status and future directions of Deep Brain Stimulation in movement disorders.
  • To elucidate the likely mechanisms of action for DBS in treating movement disorders.
  • To discuss the safety, technological advancements, and accessibility of DBS therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical practice guidelines and established applications of DBS.
  • Analysis of current research on the neurophysiological mechanisms of DBS.
  • Examination of emerging technologies and alternative surgical techniques for DBS lead implantation.

Main Results:

  • DBS is the standard of care for Parkinson's disease with motor complications.
  • Pathological neuronal synchrony disruption and abnormal circuit information flow are hypothesized mechanisms.
  • DBS is a relatively safe procedure with careful patient selection and multidisciplinary team management.

Conclusions:

  • Deep Brain Stimulation remains a vital therapy for movement disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease.
  • Technological innovations and evolving surgical techniques are poised to broaden DBS accessibility.
  • Further research into DBS mechanisms will refine its application and efficacy.