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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
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Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity01:25

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Bioactivation is a metabolic process that transforms less reactive substances into highly reactive metabolites, initiating tissue toxicity. This transformation can lead to various toxic effects, including carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Reactive metabolites are classified into two main types: electrophiles and free radicals.Electrophiles are electron-deficient species and are produced primarily by the enzyme cytochrome P-450 during the metabolism of compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, or...
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A composite body is a body made up of multiple parts, connected to form a larger, unified object. Each part has its own weight and center of gravity, which must be considered to determine the center of gravity of the composite body. In cases where the density or specific weight is constant, the center of gravity coincides with the centroid.
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The blood in our bodies comprises three major components: blood plasma, formed elements, and the extracellular matrix. Blood plasma is a yellowish fluid that constitutes 55% of the total blood volume. It is primarily made up of water and essential substances such as electrolytes and proteins. Blood plasma serves as a medium for transporting blood cells and also contains nutrients, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and gases.
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Water functions as a solvent accommodating various solutes, which can be categorized under electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Non-electrolytes are usually held together by covalent bonds, restricting them from dissociating in solution, thereby leading to a lack of electrically charged components upon dissolving in water. They are predominantly organic molecules, such as glucose, creatinine, and urea. Electrolytes, on the other hand, are compounds that can break down into ions in water.
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Composite areas are structures with multiple basic shapes connected in some way. These shapes usually include rectangles, triangles, circles, and other basic shapes that are connected in such a way as to form a single structure. Calculating the second moment of area for a composite area is essential when trying to understand the structure's overall stiffness.
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Bactericidal and Bioactive Dental Composites.

Xanthippi Chatzistavrou1, Anna Lefkelidou1,2, Lambrini Papadopoulou3

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New dental composites incorporating silver-doped bioactive glass exhibit significant antibacterial properties and promote apatite layer formation, enhancing restoration longevity and preventing secondary caries.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Dental restorations require antimicrobial and bioactive properties to prevent secondary caries and improve longevity.
  • Current materials often lack these crucial characteristics, leading to restoration failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize novel silver-doped bioactive glass (Ag-BG) incorporated resin composites (Ag-BGCOMP) for dental applications.
  • To evaluate the antimicrobial, bioactive, and bonding properties of these new composites.

Main Methods:

  • Ag-BG was incorporated into resin composite at 5, 10, and 15 wt.%.
  • Microstructural, elemental analysis, total bond strength (TBS), apatite formation in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF), and antibacterial activity against *Streptococcus mutans* were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Ag-BG particles were homogeneously distributed in the resin composite.
  • No significant changes in TBS were observed immediately or after 3 months of immersion.
  • Apatite layer formation and significant inhibition of *S. mutans* biofilm growth were confirmed, with increased bacterial death at higher Ag-BG concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Novel resin composites with combined antibacterial and remineralizing properties were successfully manufactured.
  • These materials show promise for preventing restoration failure and improving patient well-being.
  • Further clinical trials are warranted to compare their efficacy with existing dental materials.