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Spectrum Of Congenital Heart Disease In Full Term Neonates
Saima Bibi1, Syed Yasir Hussain Gilani2, Shawana Bibi3
1Department of Paediatrics,Ayub teaching hospital, Pakistan.
Insights
Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects many neonates globally. This study highlights diverse cardiac defects in our region, emphasizing early diagnosis and intervention to reduce infant mortality and morbidity.
Area of Science:
- Neonatology
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a major global health concern, particularly in neonates.
- Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for reducing mortality associated with neonatal CHD.
- Understanding regional variations in CHD is vital for developing targeted management strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To document the spectrum of congenital cardiac defects in neonates within the region.
- To inform the development of region-specific interventions for CHD.
- To reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with congenital heart disease in neonates.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2016.
- Included were 89 full-term neonates diagnosed with CHD via echocardiography.
- Preterm neonates were excluded; data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.
Main Results:
- Ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the most common defect (38.2%).
- Other prevalent defects included complex CHD (9%), atrial septal defect (ASD) (7.9%), and transposition of great arteries (TGA) (7.9%).
- Male neonates showed a higher incidence (64%) compared to females (36%).
Conclusions:
- Congenital heart disease represents a significant proportion of major congenital malformations.
- The diverse range of cardiac lesions necessitates prompt and early interventions.
- Timely recognition and treatment are key to mitigating CHD-related morbidity and mortality.
Background:
Congenital heart disease is a significant problem world over especially in neonates. Early diagnosis and prompt interventions in neonatal period precludes the mortality associated with this disorder. The objective of this study was to highlight the diversity of congenital cardiac defects in our region so that appropriate interventions are devised to minimize significant morbidity and mortality associated with this disorder.
Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Neonatology Unit of Department of Paediatrics, Ayub Teaching Hospital from January 2015 to December 2016. Approval of ethical committee was taken. All fullterm neonates of either gender who presented in department of neonatology including those delivered in hospital or received from other sources (private settings, home deliveries), diagnosed as having congenital heart disease on echocardiography were included in the study. Preterm neonates of either gender were excluded from the study. Patient characteristics were recorded in a designed proforma. Data was entered in SPSS version 20 and analysed.
Results:
A total of 89 neonates were included in the study. Mean age of presentation was 6.34±7.058 days and range of 1-28 days. There was a male preponderance with 57 (64%) male patients as compared to 32 (36%) female patients. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the commonest cardiac lesion being present in 34 (38.2%) patients. Other defects included complex congenital heart disease in 8 (9%), atrial septal defect (ASD) and transposition of great arteries (TGA) in 7 (7.9%) each, atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) in 6 (6.7%) and Fallots's tetralogy (TOF) and hypoplastic left heart syndrome in 5 (5.6%) each..
Conclusions:
Congenital heart disease is a problem of profound importance. It constitutes approximately one third of the total major congenital malformations. There is a diversity of cardiac lesions in our region that warrant early and prompt interventions so that the disease is recognized and treated at the earliest to reduce morbidity and mortality.
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