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Surface wettability significantly impacts dry and underwater adhesion and friction. Partially wet surfaces exhibit higher friction, revealing insights into adhesion hysteresis and lubrication effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Tribology
  • Surface Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding surface wettability is crucial for predicting adhesion and friction.
  • The behavior of interfaces under dry and submerged conditions differs significantly.
  • Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is a common material for studying contact mechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of surface wettability on dry and underwater adhesion and friction.
  • To correlate adhesion hysteresis with the coefficient of friction (COF) under varying wettability conditions.
  • To determine the state of the contact interface (dry or wet) using spectroscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a deformable hydrophobic poly(dimethylsiloxane) lens in contact with gradient wettability surfaces.
  • Measuring dry and underwater adhesion and friction across different water contact angles.
  • Employing surface-sensitive sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy to probe interface conditions.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct regions of behavior were identified based on water contact angles.
  • Region I (>80°): Dry adhesion < underwater adhesion; contact is dry.
  • Region III (<50°): Dry adhesion > underwater adhesion; contact is wet.
  • Region II (50-80°): Comparable dry/underwater adhesion; partially wet interface; highest underwater COF.
  • Underwater COF correlates with adhesion hysteresis, depending on whether the interface is dry or wet.

Conclusions:

  • Surface wettability dictates whether an interface is dry or wet, influencing adhesion and friction.
  • Partially lubricated (wet/dry patches) interfaces can exhibit higher friction than fully dry ones.
  • The study provides a framework for understanding tribological behavior based on interface wettability and adhesion hysteresis.