Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Sex Differences in Mouse Hippocampal Astrocytes after In-Vitro Ischemia
Published on: October 25, 2016
Sex difference in long-distance open-water swimming races - does nationality play a role?
Pantelis T Nikolaidis1, Caio V de Sousa2, Beat Knechtle3,4
1a Exercise Physiology Laboratory , Nikaia , Greece.
Abstract:
In open-water swimming events with non-elite swimmers held in the USA, but not in Europe, women were faster than men. We examined the sex difference in elite long-distance open-water swimming races and the role of nationality by investigating 7,468 swimmers competing in 5 km, 10 km and 25 km FINA races held between 2000 and 2016. More men participated in 10 km and 25 km than in 5km races. Men were faster than women and the sex difference was similar in all race distances. Swimming speed was faster for 5km than for 10km, which in turn was faster than 25km. There was a major effect of nationality on swimming speed at 5 km and 10 km, but not at 25km. No dominance of a particular nationality was observed for all race distances. In summary, men were faster than women in all FINA race distances from 5km to 25km but nationality played no role in the sex difference.
Related Concept Videos
Role of Water in Human Biology
Water's Solvent Properties
Since water is a polar molecule with slightly positive and slightly negative charges, ions and polar molecules can readily dissolve in it. Therefore, it is referred to as a solvent, a...
Distance Problem
National Nursing Organizations I
RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends
National Nursing Organizations II
The AACN emphasizes a healthy work environment through six standards to achieve an optimal patient outcome. The standards are appropriate staffing, meaningful recognition, collaboration, authentic leadership, effective communication, and decision-making. In addition, AACN provides certification programs, webinars, journals, and...
Short-distance Transport of Resources

