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Leptin and adiponectin supplementation modifies mesenteric lymph node lymphocyte composition and functionality in

Blanca Grases-Pintó1, Mar Abril-Gil1, Maria J Rodríguez-Lagunas1

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Early life supplementation with leptin and adiponectin influences the developing intestinal immune system. These adipokines promote immune cell development and modulate immune responses in suckling rats, impacting mucosal immunity.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Nutrition

Background:

  • Innate immune responses are insufficient at birth, necessitating the development of defense capabilities against pathogens.
  • Adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin found in breast milk, are known to regulate immune responses.
  • The role of in vivo adipokine supplementation in early life intestinal immunity remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of in vivo leptin and adiponectin supplementation on the developing intestinal immune system in early life.
  • To evaluate the effects of adipokines on lymphocyte composition, proliferation, and cytokine secretion in mesenteric lymph nodes.
  • To assess the impact of adipokines on intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Suckling Wistar rats were supplemented daily with either leptin (0.7 μg/kg/day) or adiponectin (35 μg/kg/day) throughout the suckling period.
  • Lymphocyte populations (TCRαβ+, CD8+), proliferation, and cytokine secretion from mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes were analyzed on days 14 and 21.
  • Intestinal IgA and IgM concentrations were measured on day 21.

Main Results:

  • Leptin supplementation increased the proportion of TCRαβ+ cells, specifically TCRαβ+ CD8+ cells, in mesenteric lymph nodes by day 14.
  • Both leptin and adiponectin promoted early CD8+ cell development, with adiponectin uniquely enhancing lymphoproliferative ability by day 21.
  • Leptin supplementation decreased intestinal IgA but showed a trophic effect on the intestine; both adipokines modulated cytokine profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Leptin and adiponectin supplementation during the suckling period play a significant role in the development of mucosal immunity.
  • These adipokines influence lymphocyte composition, promote immune cell development, and modulate immune responses in early life.
  • Findings suggest potential therapeutic applications of adipokines in supporting infant immune system development.