Profile of status epilepticus : a prospective study
S Swaminathan1, Ims Sawhney1, S Jain1
1Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh - 160 012, India.
Neurology India
|March 7, 2018
Summary
Generalized convulsive status epilepticus in adults is often symptomatic and responds well to intravenous diazepam and phenytoin. However, low drug levels correlate with seizure recurrence, highlighting the need for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Clinical Medicine
- Epileptology
Background:
- Generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) is a neurological emergency requiring prompt treatment.
- Understanding the characteristics and outcomes of GCSE is crucial for effective patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To prospectively study adult patients with GCSE, focusing on etiology, treatment response, and recurrence factors.
- To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous diazepam and phenytoin in GCSE management.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study of 40 adult patients (age > 14 years) with GCSE.
- Detailed clinical evaluation, neurological examination, baseline investigations, and CT scans in 26 patients.
- Treatment with intravenous diazepam and phenytoin.
Main Results:
- Symptomatic epilepsy was the most common etiology (25 patients).
- Immediate response to therapy was observed in 39 patients; 7 experienced recurrence.
- Low serum drug levels at 12 hours significantly correlated with seizure recurrence.
- Ataxia was the most common side effect; serious adverse events included hypotension and respiratory depression.
Conclusions:
- Intravenous diazepam and phenytoin are effective for acute GCSE management.
- Monitoring serum drug levels is important to prevent seizure recurrence.
- GCSE management requires careful consideration of etiology and potential adverse effects.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Marcia's Theory of Identity Status
1.7K
James Marcia's identity status model provides a framework for understanding how adolescents navigate identity formation through varying degrees of exploration and commitment. Marcia's model builds on Erik Erikson's theories of psychosocial development, focusing specifically on how adolescents reconcile individual aspirations with societal expectations. His model describes identity formation as a dynamic process where adolescents move between different states depending on their level...
1.7K
01:25Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile
645
Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...
645
02:24Ribosome Profiling
4.2K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
4.2K
01:12Taping Over Different Ground Profiles
407
Taping over varying ground profiles requires careful adaptation to achieve accurate measurements. On smooth, level ground with minimal vegetation, the tape can rest directly on the ground. Here, the taping team, typically consisting of a head and a rear tapeman, coordinates their positions with clear communication. The rear tapeman holds the tape at the starting point and guides the head tapeman toward a range pole placed beyond the endpoint, using hand or voice signals to ensure alignment.On...
407
01:26Profile Leveling and Cross Sections
1.7K
Profile leveling and cross-sections are surveying methods used to determine and document terrain elevations for infrastructure projects such as highways, railroads, canals, and pipelines. These methods provide data for earthwork planning and alignment of proposed routes. Profile leveling involves measuring elevations along a fixed line to create a vertical terrain profile. A surveyor sets up a leveling instrument at the benchmark (BM) and records a backsight (BS) to determine the...
1.7K
01:14Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison
289
The acceptance criteria for dissolution profile data are anchored in Q values, representing the percentage of drug dissolved within a specified period. This assessment unfolds in three stages:First Stage: The test passes if all six drug dosage units are equal to or greater than Q plus 5%; otherwise, the sample proceeds to the second stage.Second Stage: The average of twelve units must be equal to or greater than Q, with no unit falling below Q - 15% to pass; if not, it progresses to the final...
289