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Related Concept Videos

Attachment01:20

Attachment

564
Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...
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Attachment Styles01:24

Attachment Styles

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Jeffrey Simpson's attachment theory suggests that early caregiver relationships shape lasting patterns of behavior and emotional regulation, known as attachment styles. These patterns are organized along two key dimensions: self-esteem and interpersonal trust. The intersection of these dimensions produces four primary attachment styles that typically persist throughout life and significantly influence how individuals form and maintain relationships.Secure Attachment StyleIndividuals with a...
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Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

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The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
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Bacterial Signaling01:30

Bacterial Signaling

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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
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Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood03:34

Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood

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Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships. 
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Methods to Study Changes in Inherent Protein Aggregation with Age in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Bacterial Attachment, Aggregation, and Alignment on Subcellular Nanogratings.

Chang Quan Lai1,2

  • 1Biosystems and Micromechanics , Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology , 1 CREATE Way , Singapore 138602.

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Bacterial attachment and aggregation on nanostructures significantly decrease, while alignment increases, due to nanograting geometry. This impacts surface interactions and biofilm formation strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • * Surface science and nanotechnology
  • * Microbiology and bacterial adhesion
  • * Materials science and biomaterials

Background:

  • * Understanding prokaryotic responses to micro/nanostructures is crucial.
  • * The influence of anisotropic nanostructures on collective bacterial behavior remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the attachment, aggregation, and alignment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on nanogratings.
  • * To clarify how subcellular nanograting geometry affects bacterial collective behavior.

Main Methods:

  • * Experimental investigation of bacterial responses on nanogratings with varied geometries.
  • * Application of a semiempirical quantitative model to analyze results.

Main Results:

  • * Attachment and aggregation reduced by up to 83% and 84% respectively on nanogratings compared to flat surfaces.
  • * Bacterial alignment increased by up to 850% on nanogratings.
  • * Reduced physicochemical attraction, disrupted cell communication, and capillary action contributed to observed effects.

Conclusions:

  • * Bacterial attachment is exponentially related to contact area, with appendages used to maintain attachment when contact is limited.
  • * Surface topography and bacterial cell orientation significantly influence adhesion, challenging traditional roughness parameter models.
  • * Design principles for controlling bacterial attachment based on nanostructure geometry were proposed and validated.