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Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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A nursing diagnosis is written when the nurse recognizes a cluster of essential patient data indicating health problems treated with independent nursing interventions. The standardized terminologies of a nursing diagnosis help nurses identify and treat patients' problems. Every electronic health record that uses nursing diagnosis must employ standard diagnostic terminology. Developing an efficient, individualized care plan begins with accurate nursing diagnoses.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

Published on: July 12, 2022

pH Mapping on Tooth Surfaces for Quantitative Caries Diagnosis Using Micro Ir/IrOx pH Sensor.

Chindanai Ratanaporncharoen, Miyuki Tabata, Yuichi Kitasako

Analytical Chemistry

|March 8, 2018

Summary

A new dental caries diagnostic method uses iridium/iridium oxide (Ir/IrOx) pH sensors to measure tooth surface acidity. This quantitative evaluation accurately distinguishes between active and arrested dental caries, improving oral health diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Dental Research
Materials Science

Background:

Dental caries significantly impacts quality of life.
Accurate diagnosis of active vs. arrested caries is crucial for effective treatment.
Current diagnostic methods can be subjective.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a quantitative diagnostic method for dental caries.
To utilize iridium/iridium oxide (Ir/IrOx) pH sensors for measuring surface pH of carious lesions.
To correlate pH measurements with visual inspection for classifying caries activity.

Main Methods:

Preparation and application of micro Ir/IrOx pH sensors (300 μm diameter).
Direct measurement of surface pH on sound and carious tooth areas.
Comparison of sensor readings with dentist's visual inspection of 18 extracted dentinal caries.

Main Results:

Average pH values: sound root (6.85), arrested caries (6.07), active caries (5.30).
Ir/IrOx pH sensor measurements showed high correlation with dentist's visual inspection.
Successful categorization of caries types based on quantitative pH data.

Conclusions:

Micro Ir/IrOx pH sensors offer an accurate, quantitative method for evaluating dental caries.
This technique has significant potential for clinical diagnosis of caries.
Improved diagnostics can lead to better oral health outcomes.