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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

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Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
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Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

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The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Mouse Fetal Liver Culture System to Dissect Target Gene Functions at the Early and Late Stages of Terminal Erythropoiesis
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JAK/STAT3 regulated global gene expression dynamics during late-stage reprogramming process.

Ling Wang1, Zongliang Jiang1,2, Delun Huang1,3

  • 1Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.

BMC Genomics
|March 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and the JAK/STAT3 pathway are crucial for achieving naïve pluripotency in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This study reveals JAK/STAT3

Keywords:
DNA methylationDlk1-Dio3GametogenesisImprintingLIFPluripotencyReprogrammingSTAT3iPSC

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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mechanisms underlying induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation remain incompletely understood.
  • The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) pathway, activated by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), is a key regulator of naïve pluripotency.
  • The precise regulatory role of JAK/STAT3 signaling in achieving naïve pluripotent iPSCs requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To dissect the genomic expression dynamics during mouse iPSC induction.
  • To investigate the specific role of JAK/STAT3 signaling in the reprogramming process.
  • To propose a model for JAK/STAT3-regulated pluripotency achievement.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptome analysis of mouse iPSC induction with and without JAK/STAT3 pathway blockade.
  • Analysis of JAK/STAT3 signaling-specific biological events, including cell cycle and DNA repair.
  • Assessment of JAK/STAT3-dependent gene expression, including pluripotency factors, histone modifiers, and non-coding RNAs.

Main Results:

  • JAK/STAT3 signaling is not essential for early mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) but is critical for imprinting the Dlk1-Dio3 region during late reprogramming.
  • JAK/STAT3 activity promotes Dppa3 and Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) gene expression and is essential for DNA demethylation of key pluripotent loci (Oct4, Nanog, Dlk1-Dio3).
  • JAK/STAT3 signaling regulates gametogenesis, meiotic/mitotic cell cycle, and DNA repair pathways during reprogramming.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides novel insights into JAK/STAT3-mediated pluripotency establishment.
  • Findings highlight the importance of JAK/STAT3 signaling for successful naïve-pluripotent iPSC generation.
  • These discoveries can aid in improving iPSC generation protocols across various species, including humans.