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Exercise-induced adaptations to white and brown adipose tissue
Adam C Lehnig1, Kristin I Stanford2
1Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
The Journal of Experimental Biology
|March 9, 2018
Summary
Exercise significantly impacts white adipose tissue (WAT), altering fat cells and boosting metabolism. However, its effects on brown adipose tissue (BAT) remain unclear, requiring further research for metabolic health insights.
Area of Science:
- Exercise physiology
- Metabolic health
- Adipose tissue biology
Background:
- Established benefits of exercise on muscle and cardiovascular health.
- Emerging research on exercise's impact on adipose tissue and metabolic outcomes.
- Need to understand differential adaptations in white and brown adipose tissue.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review exercise-induced adaptations in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT).
- To highlight differences in adaptations between WAT and BAT.
- To identify current research questions regarding exercise and adipose tissue.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing scientific literature on exercise and adipose tissue.
- Comparative analysis of studies on WAT (scWAT and vWAT) and BAT adaptations.
- Synthesis of findings on gene expression, cellular changes, and metabolic markers.
Main Results:
- WAT adaptations include reduced adipocyte size, increased metabolic gene expression, altered adipokine secretion, and enhanced mitochondrial activity.
- Specific scWAT changes involve lipidomic remodeling and 'beiging' in rodents.
- BAT adaptations to exercise show contradictory findings across human and rodent studies, indicating an active research area.
Conclusions:
- Exercise induces significant, distinct adaptations in white adipose tissue, contributing to metabolic health.
- The effects of exercise on brown adipose tissue are complex and require further investigation.
- Clarifying exercise's role in BAT function is crucial for understanding overall metabolic regulation.
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