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Developing the experts we need: Fostering adaptive expertise through education.
Maria Mylopoulos1, Kulamakan Kulasegaram2, Nicole N Woods2
1The Wilson Centre and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice
|March 9, 2018
Summary
Medical education needs to evolve beyond traditional expertise. Training adaptive experts, who can apply and create knowledge, is crucial for modern healthcare challenges.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Healthcare Professional Development
- Expertise Studies
Background:
- Current medical education theories inadequately prepare physicians for complex healthcare environments.
- A gap exists between required medical expert capabilities and existing training paradigms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a framework for reshaping physician education based on adaptive expertise.
- To identify educational strategies that foster the development of adaptive expertise in medical trainees.
Main Methods:
- Literature review integrating theories of clinical reasoning and adaptive expertise.
- Analysis of educational approaches shown to cultivate adaptive expertise.
Main Results:
- Adaptive expertise requires both knowledge application and knowledge creation.
- Three key educational approaches promote adaptive expertise: emphasizing understanding, embracing learning struggles, and maximizing variation in teaching.
Conclusions:
- Medical education must shift towards training adaptive experts to meet contemporary healthcare demands.
- Implementing specific educational strategies can effectively guide trainees toward becoming adaptive experts.
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