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Related Concept Videos

Sound Waves01:01

Sound Waves

13.2K
Sound waves can be thought of as fluctuations in the pressure of a medium through which they propagate. Since the pressure also makes the medium's particles vibrate along its direction of motion, the waves can be modeled as the displacement of the medium's particles from their mean position.
Sound waves are longitudinal in most fluids because fluids cannot sustain any lateral pressure. In solids, however, shear forces help in propagating the disturbance in the lateral direction as well....
13.2K
Sound Waves: Resonance01:14

Sound Waves: Resonance

3.5K
Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...
3.5K
Sound as Pressure Waves01:17

Sound as Pressure Waves

4.6K
Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
The pressure fluctuation depends on the difference in displacements between the successive points in the...
4.6K
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

5.7K
The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same...
5.7K
Sound Waves: Interference00:53

Sound Waves: Interference

4.8K
Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
4.8K
Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves01:05

Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves

1.8K
The intensity of sound waves can be related to displacement and pressure amplitudes by using their wave expressions and the definition of intensity. The critical step to achieve this is to write the power delivered by the particles on the wave as the product of force and velocity and simplify the force per unit area as the pressure. The velocity of the medium's particles can be derived from the displacement.
Unlike the time average of a sinusoidal term, which is zero since it is positive...
1.8K

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Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
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Smart Sound Processing for Defect Sizing in Pipelines Using EMAT Actuator Based Multi-Frequency Lamb Waves.

Joaquín García-Gómez1, Roberto Gil-Pita2, Manuel Rosa-Zurera3

  • 1Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, km. 33,600, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain. joaquin.garciagomez@uah.es.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a smart sound processing technique using Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) for accurate pipeline defect sizing. The method enhances pipeline inspection by analyzing ultrasonic wave signals to estimate defect depth effectively.

Keywords:
EMAT actuatorsLamb wavesdefect sizingpipeline inspectionsmart sound processing

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Non-Destructive Testing
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Pipeline integrity is crucial for industries, with accurate defect sizing preventing costly repairs.
  • Electro-Magnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMATs) offer non-contact ultrasonic wave sensing for conductive materials.
  • Lamb wave generation using meander-line coils enables circumferential signal analysis in pipelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an advanced signal processing technique for accurate defect sizing in pipelines.
  • To leverage EMAT-generated Lamb waves and Smart Sound Processing (SSP) for improved pipeline inspection.
  • To estimate defect depth and identify key signal features for pipeline profiling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing meander-line coil EMATs for Lamb wave generation and signal acquisition.
  • Applying Smart Sound Processing (SSP) techniques to analyze EMAT signals at various frequencies.
  • Extracting relevant signal features for nonlinear estimation of defect depth and pipeline profile.

Main Results:

  • The proposed SSP technique demonstrated effective defect sizing in steel pipelines.
  • Simulated and real-world signal analysis yielded good results, validated by low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE).
  • The method successfully identified features crucial for estimating pipeline defect characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SSP technique enhances pipeline inspection by accurately sizing defects using EMATs.
  • Non-contact ultrasonic testing with EMATs and advanced signal processing is a viable solution for pipeline integrity assessment.
  • This approach offers a promising method for reducing repair costs through precise defect characterization.