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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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Nanocomposite thin films for triggerable drug delivery.

Lorenzo Vannozzi1, Veronica Iacovacci1, Arianna Menciassi1

  • 1a The BioRobotics Institute , Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , Pontedera , Italy.

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On-demand drug delivery systems using stimuli-responsive nanocomposite thin films offer remote control over therapeutic release. This advanced approach enables precise temporal and spatial drug administration, overcoming limitations of traditional passive systems.

Keywords:
Nanocompositecontrollable drug deliveryremote triggeringstimuli-responsive materialthin film

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Traditional drug delivery systems offer limited control over release kinetics.
  • Passive drug release cannot be remotely modified to meet evolving therapeutic needs.
  • Stimuli-responsive systems are crucial for precise temporal and spatial drug delivery control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for on-demand drug delivery using nanocomposite thin films.
  • To discuss various triggering mechanisms for controlled drug release.
  • To explore challenges and future applications in therapy and surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on stimuli-responsive nanocomposite thin films.
  • Analysis of different triggering mechanisms for drug release.
  • Discussion of material properties and fabrication of thin films.

Main Results:

  • Nanocomposite thin films enable on-demand drug release triggered by external stimuli.
  • Responsive elements integrated into thin films enhance material properties and control release.
  • Various triggering mechanisms offer fine-tuned control over drug delivery kinetics.

Conclusions:

  • On-demand drug delivery via nanocomposite thin films represents a significant advancement.
  • These systems offer precise, operator-dependent control over drug release.
  • Future applications in therapy and surgery are promising, addressing unmet clinical needs.