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Lymphocytes and Langerhans cells in allergic patch tests.

L Kanerva, T Estlander, A Ranki

Dermatosen in Beruf Und Umwelt. Occupation and Environment

|January 1, 1987

Summary

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Patch tests reveal that T-lymphocytes are key inflammatory cells in skin reactions. Hair follicles may also play a role in allergen transport during these immune responses.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Dermatology
Cell Biology

Background:

Patch testing is a common diagnostic tool for allergic contact dermatitis.
Understanding the cellular infiltrate in skin during patch tests is crucial for interpreting results.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the types and distribution of immuno-competent cells in the skin during 3-7 day patch tests.
To identify the role of specific cell phenotypes and structures like hair follicles in allergic skin reactions.

Main Methods:

Immuno-histochemical analysis of skin biopsies from patch tests.
Characterization of inflammatory cell populations using monoclonal antibodies (e.g., OKT 11, OKT 4, OKT 8, OKT 6).

Main Results:

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OKT 11 positive T-lymphocytes were the predominant inflammatory cells.

A shift in T-lymphocyte subsets was observed, with an increase in OKT 8+ cells in later stages.

Langerhans cells (OKT 6+) decreased in the epidermis but increased in the dermis.

Hair follicles showed inflammatory reactions with OKT 6+ cells, suggesting a potential role in allergen shunting.

Conclusions:

T-lymphocytes, particularly helper/inducer types, are central to patch test reactions.
Hair follicles may serve as pathways for allergen entry or transport into the skin.
Dynamic changes in immune cell populations and Langerhans cell migration occur during patch testing.