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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
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Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

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Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
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Expressing Solution Concentration02:48

Expressing Solution Concentration

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A solute is a component of a solution that is typically present at a much lower concentration than the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
Concentrations may be quantitatively assessed using a wide variety of measurement units, each convenient for particular applications. Molarity (M) is a useful concentration unit for many applications in chemistry.
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Ideal Solutions02:24

Ideal Solutions

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According to Raoult’s law, the partial vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal or identical to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. However, Raoult's Law is only valid for ideal solutions. For a solution to be ideal, the solvent-solute interaction must be just as strong as a solvent-solvent or solute-solute interaction. This suggests that both the solute and the solvent would use the same amount of energy to escape to the...
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General Properties of Solutions02:12

General Properties of Solutions

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Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
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Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
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Shoulder Instability: Common Problems and Solutions.

William N Levine1, Julian J Sonnenfeld1, Brian Shiu1

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYP/Columbia University Orthopedics, 622 West 168th Street, PH-1130, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Clinics in Sports Medicine
|March 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgical treatment for shoulder instability is effective, but complications are increasing. This review details key steps in preoperative assessment, surgical techniques, and postoperative care to minimize risks and improve outcomes for unstable shoulder repair.

Keywords:
CommonComplicationsInstabilityShoulderSurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Shoulder Instability

Background:

  • Historically, operative treatment for shoulder instability has demonstrated high success rates.
  • Recent trends indicate a concerning rise in the complication and failure rates associated with these procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review critical factors ('pearls and pitfalls') influencing the success of operative shoulder instability treatment.
  • To elucidate the etiology of complications and failures in shoulder instability surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of preoperative assessment strategies, including patient history, physical examination, and radiographic evaluation.
  • Analysis of intraoperative techniques, focusing on soft tissue mobilization, fixation methods, hardware management, and addressing bone/capsular defects.
  • Evaluation of the role of postoperative rehabilitation in achieving functional recovery.

Main Results:

  • Thorough preoperative assessment is crucial for identifying risk factors and preventing complications.
  • Meticulous intraoperative technique, including appropriate tissue handling and secure fixation, is essential.
  • Postoperative rehabilitation plays a vital role in restoring range of motion and function safely.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing outcomes in unstable shoulder surgery requires a multi-faceted approach.
  • Attention to detail in preoperative planning, surgical execution, and supervised rehabilitation is paramount to minimize complications and enhance patient recovery.