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Related Concept Videos

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides01:26

Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides

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Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
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Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

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 Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the...
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Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

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Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
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Multiple Halogenation of Methyl Ketones: Haloform Reaction01:28

Multiple Halogenation of Methyl Ketones: Haloform Reaction

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A method involving the transformation of methyl ketones to carboxylic acids using excess base and halogen is called the haloform reaction. It begins with the deprotonation of α hydrogen to form an enolate ion which reacts with the electrophilic halogen to give an α-halo ketone. The step continues until all the α protons are substituted to form a trihalomethyl ketone. The resulting molecule is unstable, and in the presence of a hydroxide base, it readily undergoes nucleophilic...
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Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

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For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
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Dimensional Analysis03:40

Dimensional Analysis

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Dimensional analysis, also known as the factor label method, is a versatile approach for mathematical operations. The main principle behind this approach is: the units of quantities must be subjected to the same mathematical operations as their associated numbers. This method can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex and multi-step calculations involving several different quantities and their units.
Conversion Factors and Dimensional Analysis
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DNA Methylation: Bisulphite Modification and Analysis
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Methylation analysis of polysaccharides: Technical advice.

Ian M Sims1, Susan M Carnachan1, Tracey J Bell1

  • 1The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 33-436, Petone 5046, New Zealand.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|March 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This guide details glycosyl linkage analysis for polysaccharide structures. It explains the methylation analysis procedure and data interpretation for accurate carbohydrate structural determination.

Keywords:
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometryMethylation analysisPolysaccharideStructure

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Area of Science:

  • Carbohydrate Chemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Glycosyl linkage analysis is crucial for determining oligosaccharide and polysaccharide structures.
  • The standard method involves derivatizing sugars into partially methylated alditol acetates.
  • Accurate identification of these derivatives via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide essential technical details for successful glycosyl linkage (methylation) analysis.
  • To guide researchers in correctly interpreting complex methylation analysis data.
  • To ensure comprehensive data reporting for scientific review.

Main Methods:

  • Polysaccharide derivatization to partially methylated alditol acetates.
  • Analysis and quantification using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
  • Identification of partially methylated alditol acetates to determine linkage positions.

Main Results:

  • Successful methylation analysis requires meticulous attention to technical details and experience.
  • Correct identification of partially methylated alditol acetates enables linkage position determination.
  • Proper data interpretation is critical for accurate structural elucidation.

Conclusions:

  • This article offers a detailed protocol for robust glycosyl linkage analysis.
  • It aids researchers in mastering methylation analysis techniques and data interpretation.
  • Ensures high-quality data suitable for publication and review.