[Series: Caries prevention in a historical perspective. Food]

Different ideas on the impact of diet on the occurrence of dental caries that have been of influence during the last 125 years are discussed. The initial premise was that deficits in calcium and vitamins during the formation phase of the teeth were the cause of their high caries susceptibility. That idea has been abandoned. The frequency with which someone eats or drinks after the eruption of the teeth and the avoidance of quickly degradable carbohydrates in the diet now appear to be the most important factors for the development of caries lesions. The question whether nutrition education is still needed now that caries can be prevented by cleaning teeth with fluoride toothpaste, is discussed.