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Related Concept Videos

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management01:26

Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management

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Nursing Assessment:Nursing management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves taking the patient's history, focusing on primary complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, and excessive sweating (diaphoresis), as well as other symptoms like back or jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. The nurse also reviews the patient's history of cardiac events, risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history, and current medications.In the objective assessment,...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

288
Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
288
Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care01:28

Acute Coronary Syndrome IV: Interprofessional Care

305
IntroductionThe management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) aims to minimize myocardial damage, preserve myocardial function, and prevent complications.Initial ManagementInpatient management involves continuous cardiac monitoring, preferably in an ICU, focusing on blood pressure, serum sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels, and urine output. Ongoing pharmacologic management is crucial for stabilizing the patient.Supplemental Oxygen: Administer supplemental oxygen if oxygen saturation is...
305
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
448
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

712
IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome
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[Acute aortic syndromes].

Frédéric Cochennec1, Jean Marzelle1

  • 1SOS Aorte-Est vasculaire, hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94000 Créteil, France.

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|March 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Acute aortic syndromes, including dissections and aneurysms, require prompt diagnosis. Advanced imaging and endovascular techniques improve outcomes for complex aortic pathologies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Acute aortic syndromes (AAS) encompass a spectrum of life-threatening conditions affecting the aorta.
  • Early diagnosis is critical, often prompted by acute thoracic/dorsal pain, elevated D-Dimers, and exclusion of acute coronary syndrome.
  • Management strategies vary based on the specific AAS type and location.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for acute aortic syndromes.
  • To highlight advancements in endovascular treatments for complex aortic aneurysms and dissections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on acute aortic syndromes.
  • Discussion of diagnostic imaging modalities (e.g., CT angiography).

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  • Analysis of treatment strategies including open repair and endovascular interventions (stent grafts).

    • Main Results:

    • Acute type A dissections necessitate emergent open repair.
    • Complicated acute type B dissections benefit from endovascular thoracic stent grafts.
    • Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms show reduced mortality with optimization techniques and endovascular repair.
    • Complex aneurysms involving visceral/renal arteries are increasingly managed with urgent endovascular techniques.

    Conclusions:

    • Prompt diagnosis and tailored treatment are essential for managing acute aortic syndromes.
    • Endovascular techniques offer effective solutions for complex aortic pathologies, improving patient outcomes.
    • Continued innovation in endovascular repair is expanding treatment options for challenging aortic conditions.