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Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain
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Structural and Functional Insights into Bacillus subtilis Sigma Factor Inhibitor, CsfB.

Santiago Martínez-Lumbreras1, Caterina Alfano2, Nicola J Evans1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, UK.

Structure (London, England : 1993)
|March 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The anti-sigma factor CsfB from Bacillus subtilis forms a homodimer, inhibiting two alternative sigma factors. This structural insight clarifies bacterial spore formation and gene regulation.

Keywords:
Bacillus subtilisCsfBNMRanti-sigma factorsigma factorsporulationtreble clef

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Bacterial Development
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Bacterial gene expression is globally regulated by alternative sigma factors controlling RNA polymerase activity.
  • Anti-sigma factors are key regulators, modulating sigma factor function to orchestrate developmental processes.
  • Bacillus subtilis utilizes alternative sigma factors during spore formation, a complex developmental pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the solution structure of anti-sigma factor CsfB.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which CsfB inhibits sigma-G (σG) and sigma-E (σE) during Bacillus subtilis sporulation.
  • To understand the role of CsfB dimerization in its inhibitory function.

Main Methods:

  • Solution structure determination of CsfB using biophysical techniques.
  • Characterization of CsfB's zinc finger motif and homodimerization interface.
  • In vitro assays to assess CsfB's inhibitory activity on σG and σE, including mutagenesis studies.

Main Results:

  • The solution structure of CsfB reveals a symmetrical homodimer, with each monomer containing a zinc-binding treble-clef fold.
  • Dimerization of CsfB is essential for its inhibitory function against both σG and σE.
  • Specific interactions between CsfB and the target sigma factors were characterized in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • CsfB functions as a homodimer to inhibit two distinct alternative sigma factors, σG and σE.
  • The structural and functional data provide a mechanistic understanding of CsfB's role in regulating Bacillus subtilis sporulation.
  • This study advances the understanding of how anti-sigma factors control developmental gene expression in bacteria.