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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Polymers02:34

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

In Situ High Pressure Hydrogen Tribological Testing of Common Polymer Materials Used in the Hydrogen Delivery Infrastructure
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Hydrogen-Bonded Polymer-Small Molecule Complexes with Tunable Mechanical Properties.

Tianqi Liu1, Xin Peng1, Ya-Nan Chen1

  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|March 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New polymeric materials with tunable mechanical properties were created using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and glycerol. These novel intermolecular complexes (IMCs) exhibit excellent strength, flexibility, and cold-resistance, suitable for various applications.

Keywords:
hydrogen bondingintermolecular complexesmechanical propertyplasticrubber-like materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Developing polymeric materials with tunable mechanical properties is crucial for advanced applications.
  • Intermolecular complexes (IMCs) offer a route to novel material properties.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in polymer material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize novel polymeric materials using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and glycerol.
  • To investigate the effect of glycerol content on the mechanical properties and structure of PVA-based IMCs.
  • To explore the potential applications of these novel IMCs.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-glycerol hydrogels followed by drying to form IMCs.
  • Mechanical testing including tensile tests, cyclic tensile tests, and stress relaxation tests.
  • Material characterization using FTIR, NMR, X-ray diffraction, and dynamic mechanical analysis.

Main Results:

  • PVA-glycerol IMCs exhibit tunable mechanical properties, with strength and modulus decreasing and elongation increasing with glycerol content.
  • The mechanical properties are comparable or superior to engineering plastics and rubbers.
  • High glycerol content IMCs show excellent flexibility and cold-resistance.
  • Evidence of hydrogen bonding between glycerol and PVA, suppressing PVA crystallization.
  • Dynamic mechanical analysis confirms a physical crosslinking nature and effective energy dissipation.

Conclusions:

  • PVA-glycerol IMCs represent a novel class of polymeric materials with tunable mechanical properties.
  • The hydrogen-bonded network formed by glycerol and PVA is responsible for the observed material characteristics.
  • These materials hold promise for applications in areas such as barrier films and biomedical packaging.