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Studying Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice
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Reduced Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Enpp1 Mutant Mice with Hypercementosis.

M Wolf1,2, M Ao2, M B Chavez3

  • 11 Department of Orthodontics, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.

Journal of Dental Research
|March 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Reduced ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) function in mice significantly decreased orthodontic tooth movement and altered root resorption. This suggests ENPP1 impacts periodontal remodeling and clastic cell activity during tooth movement.

Keywords:
bonedental cementumdentinorthodonticsosteoclaststooth calcification

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Area of Science:

  • Biomineralization and Periodontal Remodeling
  • Orthodontics and Tooth Movement
  • Skeletal Biology and Mineral Metabolism

Background:

  • Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is a key regulator of cementum formation and mineralization.
  • Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) regulates local PPi concentrations.
  • Orthodontic forces induce alveolar bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of ENPP1 in regulating periodontal structures and OTM.
  • To analyze the effects of reduced PPi and altered cementum on tooth movement and root resorption.
  • To elucidate the impact of ENPP1 deficiency on osteoclast/odontoclast activity during OTM.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Enpp1 mutant mice with reduced PPi and increased cervical cementum.
  • Induced OTM using a closed-coil spring in maxillary molars.
  • Analyzed tooth movement, osteoclast/odontoclast response, and root resorption via micro-CT, histology, and immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

  • Enpp1 mutant mice showed 38% less tooth movement compared to wild-type controls.
  • Altered periodontal ligament structure and reduced PDL width changes were observed in Enpp1 mutants.
  • Root resorption was primarily confined to cementum in Enpp1 mutants, with decreased dentin resorption and fewer osteoclast/odontoclast cells.

Conclusions:

  • Enpp1 loss of function significantly impairs OTM, suggesting a critical role in periodontal response to orthodontic forces.
  • Altered periodontal structures and mineralization in Enpp1 mutants affect clastic cell function and recruitment.
  • ENPP1 may influence OTM through direct effects on clastic cells or indirect effects on the periodontium.