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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19
Published on: May 25, 2022
Genetic factors and molecular mechanisms in dry eye disease
Ling Lee1, Qian Garrett2, Judith Flanagan1
1Brien Holden Vision Institute, New South Wales, Australia; University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.
Abstract:
Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex condition with a multifactorial etiology that can be difficult to manage successfully. While external factors are modifiable, treatment success is limited if genetic factors contribute to the disease. The purpose of this review is to compile research describing normal and abnormal ocular surface function on a molecular level, appraise genetic studies involving DED or DED-associated diseases, and introduce the basic methods used for conducting genetic epidemiology studies.
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