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Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
Published on: January 7, 2022
Bio-derived three-dimensional hierarchical carbon-graphene-TiO2 as electrode for supercapacitors
Lili Jiang1, Zhifeng Ren2, Shuo Chen3
1Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery of Ministry of Education, Center for Advanced Materials and Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
Abstract:
This paper reports a novel loofah-derived hierarchical scaffold to obtain three-dimensional biocarbon-graphene-TiO2 (BC-G-TiO2) composite materials as electrodes for supercapacitors. The loofah scaffold was first loaded with G and TiO2 by immersing, squeezing, and loosening into the mixed solution of graphene oxide and titania, and then carbonized at 900 °C to form the BC-G-TiO2 composite. The synergistic effects of the naturally hierarchical biocarbon structure, graphene, and TiO2 nanoparticles on the electrochemical properties are analyzed. The biocarbon provides a high interconnection and an easy accessibility surface for the electrolyte. Graphene bridged the BC and TiO2 nanoparticles, improved the conductivity of the BC-G-TiO2 composite, and increased the electron transfer efficiency. TiO2 nanoparticles also contributed to the pesudocapacitance and electrochemical stability.
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