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Related Concept Videos

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

602
Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
602
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

649
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
649
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

1.2K
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
1.2K
Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

6.3K
Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
6.3K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

2.1K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
2.1K
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

2.6K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
2.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas
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Published on: July 25, 2025

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High Concentration Insulin.

Sanjay Kalra1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|March 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High concentration insulins offer therapeutic benefits but require careful consideration. This review details their pharmacology, indications, and safe usage guidelines for healthcare professionals.

Keywords:
U200 degludecU200 lisproU300 glargineU500 regular insulinultralong acting insulin

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Coculture Analysis of Extracellular Protein Interactions Affecting Insulin Secretion by Pancreatic Beta Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • High concentration insulins are increasingly available.
  • Understanding their properties is crucial for effective diabetes management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available high concentration insulins.
  • To classify these insulins and describe their pharmacology.
  • To discuss their clinical utility and safe prescription.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of high concentration insulins.
  • Classification based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.
  • Analysis of clinical utility, indications, and safety.

Main Results:

  • Detailed classification of high concentration insulins.
  • Description of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.
  • Identification of indications and caveats for safe use.

Conclusions:

  • High concentration insulins have specific applications.
  • Prudent prescription requires awareness of indications and contraindications.
  • Safe and effective use necessitates understanding of drug properties and patient factors.