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Anatomical Terminology01:20

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Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe the human body with more precision and no ambiguity. Anatomical terms have mostly Greek and Latin-derived roots. Because these languages are rarely used in conversation, the meaning of words remains the same. Each term is made up of a root in between the prefixes and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition,...
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An electrical network is a system composed of interconnected elements, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and voltage or current sources. Unlike a circuit, an electrical network does not necessarily form a closed path. In other words, while all circuits can be considered networks due to their interconnected nature, not every network qualifies as a circuit.
A circuit, on the other hand, is also an interconnected system of electrical elements but must contain one or more closed paths.
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Chromatographic Methods: Terminology01:18

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Chromatography is an analytical technique widely used in fields such as chemistry, biology, environmental science, and pharmaceuticals to separate the components of a mixture and identify substances between them. The process of chromatography is based on the interactions between two distinct phases: the stationary phase and the mobile phase. The stationary phase is fixed in place by a supporting material, while the mobile phase moves over it, carrying the solutes. As the mobile phase travels,...
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Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina00:55

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Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
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Basal Lamina are the Specialized Form of ECM01:03

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The basal lamina is a thin extracellular layer that lies underneath the cells and separates them from other tissues. The three layers of the basal lamina are lamina lucida, lamina densa and lamina reticularis. The basal lamina, a mixture of glycoproteins and collagen, provides an attachment site for the epithelium, separating it from underlying connective tissue. The framework of basal lamina has other essential proteins such as laminins mesh, perlecan, entactin, and type IV collagen.
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Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina01:05

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Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen  forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
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Basal Insulin Inadequacy versus Failure - Using Appropriate Terminology.

Sanjay Kalra1, Yashdeep Gupta2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India.

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|April 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The term "basal insulin inadequacy" is proposed over "basal insulin failure" for individuals not responding to basal insulin alone. This reflects differences in basal insulin preparations and suggests drug-specific definitions.

Keywords:
Basal insulin failurebasal insulin inadequacydegludecdetemirglargineneutral protamine Hagedornterminologytype 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Current terminology for basal insulin therapy, specifically 'basal insulin failure', is analyzed.
  • The need for more precise language in describing treatment responses to basal insulin is identified.

Discussion:

  • 'Basal insulin inadequacy' is proposed as a more accurate descriptor than 'basal insulin failure'.
  • This terminology shift addresses situations where patients do not achieve glycemic targets with basal insulin alone.
  • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variations among different basal insulin products are discussed.

Key Insights:

  • The proposed term 'basal insulin inadequacy' better reflects the nuances of patient response to basal insulin therapy.
  • A drug-specific definition for insulin inadequacy is recommended over generic class-based labeling.
  • Understanding the specific properties of basal insulin preparations is crucial for accurate assessment.

Outlook:

  • Adoption of 'basal insulin inadequacy' may improve clinical communication and patient management strategies.
  • Further research into drug-specific definitions for basal insulin response is warranted.
  • This refined terminology could enhance the precision of diabetes treatment guidelines.