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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
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Coefficient of Variation01:10

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The coefficient of variation measures the dispersion of the data points or distribution around the mean. Using the coefficient of variation, we can compare two data series with drastically different means or different units of measurement. The coefficient of variation for a sample and a population is expressed as a percentage of the ratio of standard deviation to the mean.
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Coefficient of Correlation01:12

Coefficient of Correlation

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The correlation coefficient, r, developed by Karl Pearson in the early 1900s, is numerical and provides a measure of strength and direction of the linear association between the independent variable x and the dependent variable y.
If you suspect a linear relationship between x and y, then r can measure how strong the linear relationship is.
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The size of the correlation r indicates the...
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Confidence Coefficient01:24

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The confidence coefficient is also known as the confidence level or degree of confidence. It is the percent expression for the probability, 1-α, that the confidence interval contains the true population parameter assuming that the confidence interval is obtained after sufficient unbiased sampling; for example, if the CL = 90%, then in 90 out of 100 samples the interval estimate will enclose the true population parameter. Here α is the area under the curve, distributed equally under...
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Surface Functionalization of Hepatitis E Virus Nanoparticles Using Chemical Conjugation Methods
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Prominent Study on Surface Properties and Diffusion Coefficient of Urease-Conjugated Magnetite Nanoparticles.

Carlin Geor Malar1, Muthulingam Seenuvasan2, Kannaiyan Sathish Kumar3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, India.

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
|March 15, 2018
PubMed
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Magnetite nanoparticles (MNs) were modified with amino silane to enhance urease enzyme activity. This surface modification improved enzyme function by overcoming diffusion limitations.

Keywords:
ActivityDiffusion coefficientDiffusional limitationsMagnetitePorosityUrease

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Magnetite nanoparticles (MNs) are widely used in various applications.
  • Modifying nanoparticle surfaces can alter their properties and enhance their functionality.
  • Enzyme immobilization on nanoparticles is a key strategy for improving enzyme stability and activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize amino-tagged magnetite nanoparticles.
  • To conjugate urease enzyme onto the modified nanoparticles.
  • To investigate the effect of surface modification on nanoparticle properties and enzyme activity.

Main Methods:

  • Facile solvothermal method for MNs synthesis.
  • Amino tagging using 3-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (AEAPS).
  • Characterization using FT-IR, electron microscopy, VSM, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of spherical MNs (13.2 nm) with superparamagnetic behavior.
  • Amino tagging and urease conjugation confirmed via FT-IR.
  • Surface modification reduced porosity but enhanced enzyme activity by increasing the diffusion coefficient (De).

Conclusions:

  • Surface porous nature of MNs can be effectively altered by amino tagging.
  • Amino tagging overcomes diffusional limitations, enhancing conjugated urease activity.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy for developing improved biocatalysts.