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Updated: Feb 13, 2026
Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization
Published on: October 24, 2025
Histone demethylase KDM4A and KDM4B expression in granulosa cells from women undergoing in vitro fertilization
Adam J Krieg1,2,3,4,5, Sarah R Mullinax6, Frances Grimstad2
1Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd. MS3050, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
Purpose:
To assess expression of the histone demethylases KDM4A and KDM4B in granulosa collected from women undergoing oocyte retrieval and to determine if expression was related to pregnancy outcome.
Methods:
Cumulus and mural granulosa cells were obtained from women undergoing oocyte retrieval. KDM4A and KDM4B mRNA expression was determined by qRT-PCR. KDM4A and KDM4B proteins were immunohistochemically localized in ovarian tissue sections obtained from archival specimens.
Results:
KDM4A and KDM4B protein was localized to oocytes, granulosa cells, and theca and luteal cells in ovaries from reproductive-aged women. KDM4A and KDM4B mRNA expression was overall higher in cumulus compared to mural granulosa. When comparing granulosa demethylase gene expression, KDM4A and KDM4B mRNA expression was higher in both cumulus and mural granulosa from not pregnant patients compared to patients in the pregnant-live birth group.
Conclusions:
Histone demethylases KDM4A and KDM4B mRNA are differentially expressed in cumulus and mural granulosa. Expression of both KDM4A and KDM4B mRNA was lower in cumulus granulosa and mural granulosa from pregnant compared to not pregnant patients. These findings suggest that altered expression of histone demethylases may impact epigenetic changes in granulosa cells associated with pregnancy.
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