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Understanding speech in challenging environments involves distinct brain networks. Effortful listening, particularly with background noise or complex language, engages specific frontal lobe regions and executive control networks for speech perception.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Brain networks for speech comprehension in difficult conditions remain unclear.
  • Executive control regions are hypothesized to support effortful listening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify common frontal lobe activation patterns in effortful listening across different speech manipulations.
  • To investigate the neural basis of speech perception under challenging auditory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of 53 auditory neuroimaging studies on speech perception.
  • Three independent analyses based on speech manipulation: speech-in-noise (SIN), spectral degradation, and linguistic complexity.
  • Activation Likelihood Estimate (ALE) meta-analysis was employed.

Main Results:

  • Speech-in-noise (SIN) was associated with left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), left inferior parietal lobule, and right insula activation.
  • Spectrally degraded speech activated bilateral insula and left superior temporal gyrus (STG).
  • Linguistic complexity engaged left IFG, right middle frontal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, and bilateral STG, with unique left IFG patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Effortful listening involves distinct, regionally specialized brain networks, particularly within the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG).
  • No common prefrontal activation overlap was found across all three conditions, but SIN and spectral degradation shared insula activation.
  • Findings suggest differential executive networks support various types of challenging speech perception.