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Blind Procedures

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...

Blinding

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.

Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Childhood

Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Childhood

Erik Erikson, a stage theorist, adapted Freud's theory to emphasize social factors in personality development throughout life, a concept known as psychosocial development. Unlike Freud, who focused on early childhood, Erikson believed that personality evolves across eight life stages, each marked by a specific challenge or "crisis." Successful resolution of each stage fosters competence, while failure may lead to feelings of inadequacy.
The first four of Erikson's eight...

Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-I

Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-I

An interdisciplinary team includes many healthcare professionals working together and utilizing their skills, knowledge, and expertise to provide holistic and quality patient care.
Physicians
The physician's primary responsibility is to diagnose illness and direct the medical or surgical treatment of the condition. The authority to admit patients to a healthcare agency or institution and practice care within that setting is granted to physicians by the healthcare agency or institution...

Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-II

Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-II

An interdisciplinary team includes many healthcare professionals working together and utilizing their skills, knowledge, and expertise to provide holistic and quality patient care. Here are a few more healthcare professionals.
Physical Therapist
A physical therapist (PT) aims to restore function or prevent additional impairment in a patient following an injury or disease. Massage, heat, cold, water, sonar waves, exercises, and electrical stimulation are some treatments used by PTs to treat...

Continuing Care

Continuing Care

Continuing care describes the variety of health, personal, and social services provided over a prolonged period. The need for continuing care is increasing because people are living longer. Many people do not have families or others to care for them. Continuing care is mainly for patients who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering from a terminal disease. It is available within institutional settings or in homes. Examples include nursing centers or facilities, assisted living,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis

Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Transthyretin Ala97Ser Related Amyloidosis

Published on: June 9, 2018

Caring for Hereditary Childhood Retinal Blindness.

Ruben Jauregui^1,2,3, Galaxy Y Cho^1,2,4, Vitor K L Takahashi^1,2,5

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY.

Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.)

|March 15, 2018

Summary

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) cause incurable blindness in children. This review highlights key pediatric IRDs, emphasizing pedigree, electroretinography, and genetic testing for accurate diagnosis.

Keywords:

LCA childhood onset inherited retinal diseases pediatric ophthalmology pediatrics photoreceptor retinintis pigmentosa

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Published on: July 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Genetics
Pediatrics

Background:

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a significant cause of incurable blindness globally.
In children, IRDs contribute to millions of cases of visual impairment worldwide.
Diagnosing pediatric IRDs is challenging due to difficulties in performing standard diagnostic tests on young patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To review significant IRDs with onset in childhood (before age 18).
To describe the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and potential treatments for pediatric IRDs.
To advocate for key diagnostic tools in the pediatric population.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on IRDs in the pediatric population.
Analysis of disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic strategies.
Evaluation of diagnostic approaches for pediatric IRDs.

Main Results:

Identified and described major IRDs affecting children.
Detailed the complexities of diagnosing IRDs in pediatric patients.
Highlighted the importance of specific diagnostic modalities.

Conclusions:

Pediatric IRDs represent a critical area of visual impairment requiring specialized diagnostic approaches.
A combination of pedigree analysis, electroretinography, and genetic testing is crucial for accurate IRD diagnosis in children.
Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for managing pediatric IRDs and exploring potential treatments.