Osteosynthesis techniques used for mandibular sagittal split osteotomy – history of orthognathic procedures and...

Choosing an appropriate fixation technique after maxillary or mandibular osteotomy is one of the key factors affecting the success of orthognathic surgery. In line with the development of new surgical methods and techniques, the surgeons’ approach to the fixation of bone fragments has evolved accordingly, varying from non-fusion to different osteosynthesis techniques. Advances in medical sciences and medical technologies, have changed our attitudes to bone fragment reduction in orthopaedics and traumatology, and also in maxillofacial surgery. The pivotal underlying principle which determines bone healing – that is proper positioning so as to ensure appropriate contact area and immobilisation so as to ensure osteosynthesis – has remained unchanged for centuries. However, over the years, patient comfort and the predictability of treatment outcomes have vastly improved. The paper provides an overview of the techniques and methods used for the fixation of osteotomized fragments after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy since its introduction by Hugo Obwegeser up to the present day.