Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Decreasing Function01:27

Decreasing Function

312
A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
312
Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

1.1K
A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
1.1K
Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

933
Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
933
Absolute and Local Extreme Values01:22

Absolute and Local Extreme Values

86
The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
86
Factors Influencing Attraction I: Proximity01:22

Factors Influencing Attraction I: Proximity

289
Proximity plays a fundamental role in shaping interpersonal attraction by increasing opportunities for interaction and fostering familiarity. Research consistently demonstrates that individuals are more likely to form social bonds with those who are physically closer to them, whether in residential settings, workplaces, or educational institutions. This effect is largely driven by the increased frequency of encounters, which facilitates the development of friendships and romantic...
289
Burn Injuries01:22

Burn Injuries

4.6K
Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Point of Care UCHL1/GFAP for Rapid Assessment of Undifferentiated Trauma Patients.

Journal of the American College of Surgeons·2026
Same author

Prehospital Resuscitation with Type O Whole Blood for Trauma and Hemorrhage.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Automated control of inspired oxygen in mechanically ventilated trauma and acute care surgery patients: A randomized controlled trial.

The journal of trauma and acute care surgery·2026
Same author

Burns: The "Fuse" That Ignites Organ Crisis - A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Crosstalk in Post-Burn MODS.

Journal of inflammation research·2026
Same author

Research on mechanism and control technique of floor heave in deep soft rock roadway at Banji Coal Mine.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Impact of Heating Inspired Gases During Mechanical Ventilation on Resolution of Hypothermia in a Porcine Model.

Respiratory care·2026
Same journal

Response to a Letter to the Editor "interpreting prophylactic antibiotic use in closed basilar skull fractures: Caution in claims-based evidence".

The journal of trauma and acute care surgery·2026
Same journal

The impact of fathers and male role models on recovery and resilience in pediatric victims of violent trauma.

The journal of trauma and acute care surgery·2026
Same journal

Peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) inhibition is associated with acute and long-term benefits in a murine model of traumatic brain injury.

The journal of trauma and acute care surgery·2026
Same journal

CT-first resuscitation for severe blunt trauma: A propensity score-matched cohort study.

The journal of trauma and acute care surgery·2026
Same journal

The intravenous targeted nanopeptide, CAQK, is neuroprotective and improves motor function after spinal cord injury in rats.

The journal of trauma and acute care surgery·2026
Same journal

Authors' reply to the Letter to the Editor on "Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in traumatic injuries with acute respiratory distress syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis".

The journal of trauma and acute care surgery·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury
08:07

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: February 1, 2018

13.3K

Proximal penetrating extremity injuries-An opportunity to decrease overtriage?

Grace E Martin1, Heng He, Amy T Makley

  • 1From the Division of Trauma, Critical Care, and Acute Care Surgery (G.E.M., H.H., A.T.M., T.A.P., J.B.E., J.A.J., M.D.G.), Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.

The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
|March 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Full trauma team activation for penetrating extremity injuries proximal to the knee or elbow leads to significant overtriage. Re-evaluating trauma activation criteria based on objective findings can improve resource allocation in trauma centers.

More Related Videos

Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Screening for Proximal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
06:45

Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Screening for Proximal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis

Published on: February 10, 2023

16.4K
Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells
06:23

Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

512

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 13, 2026

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury
08:07

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: February 1, 2018

13.3K
Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Screening for Proximal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
06:45

Point-Of-Care Ultrasound Screening for Proximal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis

Published on: February 10, 2023

16.4K
Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells
06:23

Modeling Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

512

Area of Science:

  • Trauma surgery
  • Emergency medicine
  • Public health

Background:

  • Penetrating extremity injuries proximal to the elbow or knee are criteria for full trauma team activation (FFTA) per American College of Surgeon's Committee on Trauma standards.
  • This criterion lacks objective, evidence-based support, potentially leading to overtriage, increased costs, and resource burden at trauma centers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that FFTA for penetrating injuries to proximal extremities based solely on anatomic criteria results in significant overtriage.

Main Methods:

  • A 3-year retrospective review of patients with isolated penetrating extremity injuries at an urban Level I trauma center (2013-2015).
  • Data collected included trauma team activation levels, Injury Severity Score (ISS), injury characteristics, and patient disposition.
  • Overtriage was defined as FFTA for an ISS of 15 or less, with a target overtriage rate below 50%.

Main Results:

  • Out of 795 isolated penetrating extremity injuries, 413 were proximal to a joint.
  • Of these proximal injuries, 71.2% were discharged from the ED with a median ISS of 1 and no further intervention.
  • A 99.7% overtriage rate was observed for penetrating proximal-extremity injuries, with only one patient having an ISS ≥ 15.

Conclusions:

  • FFTA based on anatomic criteria for penetrating extremity injuries may lead to substantial overtriage in urban trauma centers.
  • Distinguishing trauma team activation levels based on objective physiologic criteria or hard signs of neurovascular injury is recommended.